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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major malignant tumors that lead to death, and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important risk factor for HCC. This article introduces the detailed mechanisms of HBV-related HCC, including HBV X protein, immune imbalance, and integration of HBV DNA into the host genome, with a focus on the pathological role and related mechanisms of HBV X protein in HCC. HBV X protein enhances carcinogenesis by promoting tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, affecting angiogenesis, promoting cell apoptosis, and interfering with cell metabolism. In-depth studies on the biological functions of HBV X protein, immune imbalance, and HBV DNA integration will help to clarify the pathogenesis of liver cancer and promote the development of novel therapeutic targets for HBV-related HCC.
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The treatment of liver cancer involves multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment including internal medicine, surgical treatment, radiation, and interventional surgery, and surgical treatment based on surgery is currently the main treatment method for liver cancer. This article summarizes and analyzes the update in the concept of surgical treatment of liver cancer, the development of treatment methods, and the advances in surgical technology and discusses the advantages and limitations of related techniques and concepts in the surgical treatment of liver cancer, so as to provide a reference for further promoting the improvement in the surgical treatment of liver cancer.
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Laparoscopy has been used for the treatment of liver tumors for nearly 30 years. Since then, the world's liver surgeon giving a great deal of energy and enthusiasm to this tool, expanding indications and optimizing laparoscopy operation procedures, making indications of laparoscopic liver resection from the edge of liver benign tumors gradually extended to the left lobe, right lobe, left or right anterolateral segmentectomy or posterosuperior segmentectomy, right posterior sectionectomy, central hepatectomy, and extended left/right hepatectomy or caudate lobe. Accompanied by image technology upgrade, energy equipment update and the delicate anatomic stratagem, the security, effectiveness, advantages of laparoscopy in treatment of liver tumor got fully verified recently. There are plenty of basic and clinical research also fully confirmed the perioperative advantage of laparoscopic in liver cancer treatment. For the long-term therapeutic effect, continued case observation and strategy adjustment are still required in future.
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Objective To compare the effect of pericardial devascularization with that of the modified Sugiura procedure in management of portal hypertension. Methods From 1990 to 2008, 236patients with portal hypertension underwent operations including pericardial devascularization in 147and modified Sugiura in 89 in our hospital. Results There were 12 perioperative deaths (8.2 % ), and 2 rebleedings (2 % ) in the pericardial devascularization group, and 7 perioperative deaths (7.9 % ) and 2 rebleedings(3.4 % ) in the modified Sugiura group. The follow-up rate was 91.9 % in the pericardial devascularization group and 87.8% in the modified Sugiura group respectively, in a period from 6 months to 19 years. The 1-, 3-and 5-year rebleeding rates were 5.7%,15.2% and 25.5% in the pericardial devascularization group and 6.9%, 16.3%, 29.5 % in the modified Sugiura group, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 87.8% ,79.1% and 69.7% in the pericardial devascularization group and 95.8 %,85.0%, 76.9 % in the modified Sugiura group, respectively. Conclusion Modified Sugiura procedure and pericardial devascularization have differences in perioperative mortality as well as rebleeding and survival rates.
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Objective Virus-specific RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful inhibitor of gene expression and replication of HBV. It is known to have high efficiency, specificity, and few side effects. We wanted to evaluate the effects of siRNA silencing HBV replication on the growth of hepatocellular carcinomatic(HCC) cells to find out an ideal method for treatment of HCC. Methods We transfected siRNA into HepG2.2. 15 cells (HCC cell inserting HBV gene) and detected the HBsAg and HBV DNA copies for evaluating the inhibitory effects of siRNA. Then we evaluated cell growth and self-renewal ability after transfection of siRNA by MTT. Results The HBsAg level and HBV DNA copies were reduced after the transfection of siRNA, the highest inhibition rate was 83.9%,while the inhibition rate of HBV DNA copies reached 73. 4%. The siRNA group's growth ability and self-renewal rate were lower than the control group in 5 days. Conclusion siRNA can effectively inhibit HBV replication and expression in HepG2.2.15 cells and silencing HBV replication can inhibit HepG2.2.15 cell's growth and self-renewal.
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0.05).Tumor volumes was diminished in group B and C as compared with that in group A(P